Gurbataccen abinci mai gina jiki

Gurbataccen abinci mai gina jiki
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da water pollution (en)

Gurbatar Abinci Mai Gina Jiki, wani nau'i na gurbataccen ruwa, yana nufin gurbatawar abubuwan gina jiki da yawa. Yana da babban dalilin eutrophication na ruwa mai zurfi (tafkuna, koguna da ruwa na bakin teku ), wanda yawancin abubuwan gina jiki, yawanci nitrogen ko phosphorus, suna karfafa ci gaban algal.^[1]

Tushen gurbacewar kayan abinci sun hada da kwararar kasa daga filayen gonaki da wuraren kiwo, fitar da tankunan ruwa da wuraren abinci, da hayaki i daga konewa. Danyen najasa shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga eutrophication na al'ada tunda najasa yana da yawa a cikin sinadirai. Sakin najasa a cikin babban ruwa ana kiransa zubar da ruwa, kuma har yanzu yana faruwa a duk fadin duniya. Matsalolin nitrogen mai wuce gona da iri a cikin muhalli suna da alaka da yawancin abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli masu girma. Wadannan sun hada da eutrophication na ruwa mai cutarwa, furen algal mai cutarwa, hypoxia, ruwan sama na acid, karancin nitrogen a cikin gandun daji, da canjin yanayi.^[2]

Tun bayan bunkasuwar noma a shekarun 1910, da kuma a cikin shekarun 1940, don dacewa da karuwar bukatar abinci, noman noma ya dogara sosai kan amfani da taki.^[3] Taki abu ne na halitta ko sinadarai da aka gyara wanda ke taimaka wa kasa ta zama kasa mai albarka. Wadannan takin sun kunshi babban adadin phosphorus da nitrogen, wanda ke haifar da yawan abubuwan gina jiki da ke shiga cikin kasa. Nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium sune sinadarai na farko na "Big 3" a cikin takin kasuwanci, kowane dayan wadannan mahimman abubuwan gina jiki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki.^[4] Lokacin da nitrogen da phosphorus ba su cika amfani da tsire-tsire masu girma ba, ana iya rasa su daga filayen gona kuma suna yin mummunan tasiri ga iska da ingancin ruwa.^[5] Wadannan sinadirai na iya karewa a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga habaka eutrophiation.^[6] Lokacin da manoma suka baje takinsu, ko na halitta ne ko na roba, wasu za su bar shi a matsayin malala kuma za su iya tattara abubuwan da ke haifar da eutrophic na al'adu.^[7]

Hanyoyi masu ragewa don rage fitar da gurbataccen abinci mai gina jiki sun haɗa da gyaran abinci, ciniki na gina jiki da rabon tushen abinci.

1. ↑ Walters, Arlene, ed. (2016). Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Production: Overview, Management and a Study of Chesapeake Bay. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-63485-188-6.
2. ↑ "Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options, A Report of the Science Advisory Board" (PDF). Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA-SAB-11-013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2013.
3. ↑ Seo Seongwon; Aramaki Toshiya; Hwang Yongwoo; Hanaki Keisuke (2004-01-01). "Environmental Impact of Solid Waste Treatment Methods in Korea". Journal of Environmental Engineering. 130 (1): 81–89. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:1(81).
4. ↑ "Fertilizer 101: The Big Three―Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium". Arlington, VA: The Fertilizer Institute. 2014-05-07. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
5. ↑ "The Sources and Solutions: Agriculture". Nutrient Pollution. EPA. 2021-11-04.
6. ↑ Huang, Jing; Xu, Chang-chun; Ridoutt, Bradley; Wang, Xue-chun; Ren, Pin-an (August 2017). "Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China". Journal of Cleaner Production. 159: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.008.
7. ↑ Carpenter, S. R.; Caraco, N. F.; Correll, D. L.; Howarth, R. W.; Sharpley, A. N.; Smith, V. H. (August 1998). "Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen". Ecological Applications. 8 (3): 559. doi:10.2307/2641247. hdl:1813/60811. JSTOR 2641247.